The culture of Alcoholism Essay Example For Students

The culture of Alcoholism Essay The Black slaves of colonial America brought their own culture from Africa to the new land. Despite their persecution, the \slave culture\ has contributed greatly to the development of Americas own music, dance, art, and clothing. Music It is understandable that when Africans were torn from their homes and families, lashed into submission, and forced into lifelong slave labor, they would be, on the most part, resentful and angry. Various forms of expression, clandestine yet lucent, developed out of these feelings. One such form of this was music. Native African music consisted mainly of wind and string melodies punctuated by hand clapping, xylophones, and drumbeats. Along those lines, an early type of slave music was the spiritual, which has its roots in Protestant hymns taught to the slaves. Spirituals were long thought to be the spontaneous creation of African-American slaves and the only original folk music of the U. S. Spirituals told tales of suffering and struggle, but these true meanings were often hidden. An example is in the song \Gospel Train\ with the lyrics, \Get on board, little children/Theres room for many a-more/The gospel trains a-leavin We will write a custom essay on The culture of Alcoholism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The \gospel train\ of the song likely represented an escape method, such as the Underground Railroad. Another type of music distinct to African slaves was gospel. These songs originated in plantation fields as work songs, and were later sung in churches of Black congregations. They were intended to enliven a crowd, and employed bright music and joyful lyrics. Gospel music contributed to the development of musical genres historically considered \white\, such as rocknroll and country and western. Religion Before Blacks came to America, they had their own highly developed religious beliefs. Most cultures believed in one almighty God, and the ideas of good and evil. They also practiced \ancestor worship\, believing that dead family members could influence aspects of their lives. A main difference between African and Christian religions, however, is that Africans did not find it necessary to convert all other cultures to their religion. Thus Africans were rather resistant to the preaching of Christian ministers when they came to America. The Christian ideas they did absorb, however, were indoctrinated into their lives with the addition of culture such as gospel music. Later, a minister of mainly of African-American congregations would use distinctly \Black\ preaching methods, as when the minister begins to employ numerous stock phrases and ideas, Midway in the message the preacher begins to chant his words rhythmically. Art 17th-century Africans had art forms that would be considered advanced even today. Most of their expression was religious in nature. But when they were brought to the New World, slaves could not do this because Protestants had always frowned upon religious imagery in the church as being worldly. Thus, there was little opportunity for the slaves to express his or her creativity in graphic and plastic art for the church as they had done in Africa where religion and art were inseparable. Moreover, the slave was afforded few opportunities to carve on his own time let alone the masters time. This repression of the slaves creativity doubtlessly impeded the development of an African-American art standard. Although slaves could be trained in the practical arts, such as typesetting or furniture making, they could really not fully express themselves until released from the bonds of servitude. Incidentally, there was an outpouring of African-American art after emancipation. This was a time when former slaves could finally put their creativity to use, and the results were a genre individual in itself, yet complimentary to American art as a whole. Blacks became sculptors, painters, block printers, actors, and architects. .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .postImageUrl , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:hover , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:visited , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:active { border:0!important; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:active , .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1 .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u994206e4d10655116e887c378a8727a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: La Couch D'ozone EssayBut it would be a long time yet before Black art could be fully appreciated, or even accepted as mainstream. Science Americas earliest African-American scientists and inventors are largely unknown their contributions to America buried in anonymity. While historians increasingly recognize that blacks had a significant impact on the design and construction of plantations and public buildings in the South and that rice farming in the Carolinas might not have been possible without Blacks, the individuals who spearheaded these accomplishments remain anonymous. The previous information as stated, describes an all too-common situation in African-American history where the Accomplishments of Blacks are claimed as those of whites, or not recognized at all. Some scientific discoveries, however, are duly attributed to famous African-Americans. One such invention was the grain harvester, historically credited to Cyrus McCormick. Though, as new research tells us, Jo Anderson, one of McCormicks slaves, is believed to have played a major role in the creation of the McCormick harvester. On the other hand, much more credit for invention was given to freed slaves, such as Henry Blair, the patent-holder for a seed planter, and Augustus Jackson, for the invention of ice cream. The sad truth of the matter is, as with accomplishments in art, early inventions and scientific discoveries by Blacks were simply not heralded with interest. It was not until much later, after the slaves were freed, that Blacks would be respected as scientists. It may be that Africans had scientific methods native to Africa that they brought to the New World, but these were overlooked by supremacist slave-owners and gradually disappeared. Linguistics Of course, African slaves had their own language before they came to America. But what happened to this language when they were taken from their homeland and immersed in English- Speaking society? As would be expected, they adapted to the English language retaining distinctly African subtleties. The changes made to English by Black slaves are still seen today in the African-American vernacular. This altered language is sometimes referred to as \Black English. Much of the way Black English is spoken, it seems grammatically incorrect but it actually represents the consistent application of African structural principles. In other words, phrases such as \aint\ and \wasnt\ that are wrong in English would have made perfect sense in an African language. Conclusion Considering that Africans had to start as slaves and \work their way up\, the contributions of Black Americans are astounding. Their advancements in music, art, religion, language, and science have helped shape American culture as a whole.

Abortion Essays (670 words) - Human Pregnancy, Midwifery

Abortion Essays (670 words) - Human Pregnancy, Midwifery Abortion Wim Van de Keere English comp I Prof. Fjordbotten A matter of life and death About 29 years ago, Norma McCorvey, who then adopted the pseudonym Jane Roe, became the lead plaintiff in a lawsuit to challenge the strict anti-abortion laws in Texas. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which handed down its controversial ruling on January 22, 1973. The decision legalized abortion in all fifty states and sparked a sociopolitical debate that remains charged to this day. However, McCorvey never had an abortion and eventually gave away the child for adoption. In 1995, she converted to Christianity and became a fervent adversary of abortion. The woman who had fought for women to have the freedom to decide what to do with their bodies came to see pro-abortionists as killers. Lets first take a look at some of the circumstances in which people may decide to abort a child. I think its a misconception to think that people will only opt for abortion in cases of unplanned parenthood. Todays technology enables us to see at a very early stage of the pregnancy if the baby is in good health. If tests show that something is wrong and that the baby will never be able to survive or will only grow to be a certain age, parents often have a very difficult decision to make. In these cases, I think that parents definitely have the right to opt for abortion. I find it sad that, while those people go through a living hell, they are judged for their actions, often by people who obviously havent been in their situation and judge them as killers who took an innocent life. Its far more complex than that. Unwanted pregnancies remain the main reason to opt for abortion. Here again, the matter is very complex and there isnt a solution that is valid in every situation. If the pregnancy is the result of rape or sexual abuse, there should be no discussion. The victim has the right to choose for abortion. Mostly, unwanted pregnancies are the result of unsafe sex. In these cases, I feel that the mother has the right to decide what she is going to do with the baby, as young men often dont want to take the responsibility for their actions. If they do, then the couple should decide together. An important aspect of the decision is financial security. If you decide to have the child, you have to be certain that you will be able provide clothes and food for it. If not, I think that abortion is an acceptable solution. Hopefully, these young people will have learnt a valuable lesson from this predicament. The support of parents - or lack thereof - also plays an important role in the decision-making process. If they are supportive and want to help the young mother to the best of their abilities, the decision becomes a lot easier. I dont think, however, that abortion should be seen as some kind of safety valve. People confronted with unwanted pregnancies shouldnt think that they can have sex without contraceptives and if they get pregnant, theyll just have the fetus aborted. Thats a totally wrong and regrettable mentality that I see too often among young people nowadays. And if not to prevent pregnancy, they should at least use contraceptives to prevent attracting STDs. Undoubtedly, there will always be people who are in favor of abortion and others who are against it. Religious beliefs will keep playing an important role in the debate. However, I dont think that people who opt for abortion should be seen as killers. If you are not sure that you will be able to provide a secure future for the child or if the pregnancy is a result of sexual abuse, there are sufficient grounds for abortion. I feel that people who do opt for abortion shouldnt be judged for their actions. To form an opinion of people, one should have all the facts. Unfortunately, that is often not the case.

The Price of Doing Good - 12 Criteria Assignment - 1

The Price of Doing Good - 12 Criteria - Assignment Example Survival of business: Business ethics are mandatory for the survival of business. The businessmen who do not follow it will have short-term success, but they will fail in the long run. This is because they can cheat a consumer only once. After that, the consumer will not buy goods from that businessman. He will also tell others not to buy from that businessman. So this will defame his image and provoke a negative publicity. This will result in failure of the business. Therefore, if the businessmen do not follow ethical rules, he will fail in the  market. So, it is always better to follow appropriate code of conduct to survive in the market. Safeguarding consumers rights: The consumer has many rights such as right to health and safety, right to be informed, right to choose, right to be heard, right to redress, etc. But many businessmen do not respect and protect these rights. Business ethics are must to safeguard these rights of the consumers. Protecting employees and shareholders: Business ethics are required to protect the interest of employees, shareholders, competitors, dealers, suppliers, etc. It protects them from exploitation through unfair trade practices. Develops good relations: Business ethics are important to develop good and friendly relations between business and society. This will result in a regular supply of good quality goods and services at low prices to the society. It will also result in profits for the businesses thereby resulting in growth of economy. Creates good image: Business ethics create a good image for the business and businessmen. If the businessmen follow all ethical rules, then they will be fully accepted and not criticized by the society. The society will always support those businessmen who follow this necessary code of conduct. Smooth functioning: If the business follows all the business ethics, then the employees, shareholders, consumers, dealers and suppliers will all be happy. So they will give full cooperation to the business. This will result in smooth functioning of the business. So, the business will grow, expand and diversify easily and quickly. It will have more sales and more profits.